Physics-ecology coupling at ocean fine scales: mapping upper-trophic responses.

Alice Della Penna1,2
1Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
2School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand

Fine-scale ocean dynamics (1-100 km, few days-few months) organise the upper ocean into a highly heterogeneous and time-evolving flow field, playing a key role in the transport of tracers and the modulation of air-sea exchanges. While the physical signatures of mesoscale and submesoscale processes and their impacts on lower trophic levels are increasingly well described, their ecological relevance at higher trophic levels remains less well understood. During their foraging trips in or above the ocean, marine mammals, predatory fishes, and seabirds do not interact with average conditions or a static habitat, but with a complex and dynamic landscape structured by fine-scale ocean features. Drawing on recent observations enabled by animal-borne sensors, I will explore the mechanisms linking fine-scale structures to predator foraging behaviour, highlighting their direct mechanical influence on mobile megafauna movement patterns and their role in structuring prey fields. I conclude by discussing the challenges associated with disentangling the effects of different oceanographic processes on predator behaviour, and the opportunities offered by emerging technologies and interdisciplinary collaborations.