Slope-controlled submesoscale variability in the Brazil–Malvinas Current System

Esther Capó1, James C. McWilliams1
1University of California Los Angeles, US

In the framework of the COSSMoSS Project (Capturing Oceanic Submesoscales, Stirring, and Mixing with Sound and Simulations), we use a very high-resolution, realistic ROMS simulation to investigate eddy–mean flow interactions and submesoscale current generation along the terminal paths of the Brazil and Malvinas Currents and their confluence. With enhanced vertical resolution over the continental slope, we analyze the structure and variability of the near-slope flow from the upper ocean to the abyss, with particular focus on topographic interaction and near-bottom dynamics. Our results reveal intense variability organized along the slope and extending into the bottom boundary layer, associated with strong flow–topography interaction and secondary circulations. Variance-based metrics allow us to distinguish surface-intensified mesoscale activity from near bottom-intensified submesoscale variability linked to complex bathymetry. Along the boundary jets, strong vertical vorticity develops near the slope and eventually detaches, organizing into submesoscale coherent vortices. Toward the interior, these slope-detached structures coexist with submesoscale coherent vortices emerging from energetic interior eddies.